Category: hello world

Since battle.net does not allow installing games on NFS, I’ve decided to setup iSCSI target on Fedora.

1. Install scsi-target-utils and create a disk image:

[root@fedora ~]# dnf install scsi-target-utils

[root@fedora ~]# mkdir /share/iscsi-disks
[root@fedora ~]# cd /share/iscsi-disks/
[root@fedora iscsi-disks]# dd if=/dev/zero of=disk01.img count=0 bs=1 seek=350G

[root@fedora iscsi-disks]# ls -alF
total 32822716
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root flatwhite           20 Jun 13 10:23 ./
drwxrwxr-x. 1 root flatwhite          592 Jun 14 11:35 ../
-rw-r--r--. 1 root flatwhite 375809638400 Jun 14 13:36 disk01.img
[root@fedora iscsi-disks]# 

2. Add tgt configuration file:

[root@fedora iscsi-disks]# vim /etc/tgt/conf.d/target01.conf 
<target iqn.2025-03.coffee.nicewarm:fedora.target01>
    # provided device as a iSCSI target
    backing-store /share/iscsi-disks/disk01.img
    # iSCSI Initiator's IQN you allow to connect
    initiator-name iqn.2025-03.coffee.nicewarm:gentoo16.initiator
    # authentication info ( set anyone you like for "username", "password" )
</target> 

3. Update SELinux and firewall rules:

[root@fedora iscsi-disks]# chcon -R -t tgtd_var_lib_t /share/iscsi_disks
[root@fedora iscsi-disks]# semanage fcontext -a -t tgtd_var_lib_t "/share/iscsi_disks(/.*)?"
[root@fedora iscsi-disks]# ls -alFZ 
total 39776832
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root flatwhite system_u:object_r:tgtd_var_lib_t:s0               20 Jun 13 10:23 ./
drwxrwxr-x. 1 root flatwhite system_u:object_r:default_t:s0                   592 Jun 14 11:35 ../
-rw-r--r--. 1 root flatwhite unconfined_u:object_r:tgtd_var_lib_t:s0 375809638400 Jun 14 13:45 disk01.img

[root@fedora iscsi-disks]# firewall-cmd --add-service=iscsi-target
success
[root@fedora iscsi-disks]# firewall-cmd --add-service=iscsi-target --permenent
success

4. Start tgtd service and verify

[root@fedora iscsi-disks]# systemctl enable --now tgtd 
[root@fedora iscsi-disks]# tgtadm --mode target --op show                                 Target 1: iqn.2025-03.coffee.nicewarm:fedora.target01
    System information:
        Driver: iscsi
        State: ready
    I_T nexus information:
        I_T nexus: 1
            Initiator: iqn.2025-03.coffee.nicewarm:gentoo16 alias: gentoo16
            Connection: 0
                IP Address: 192.168.85.254
    LUN information:
        LUN: 0
            Type: controller
            SCSI ID: IET     00010000
            SCSI SN: beaf10
            Size: 0 MB, Block size: 1
            Online: Yes
            Removable media: No
            Prevent removal: No
            Readonly: No
            SWP: No
            Thin-provisioning: No
            Backing store type: null
            Backing store path: None
            Backing store flags: 
        LUN: 1
            Type: disk
            SCSI ID: IET     00010001
            SCSI SN: beaf11
            Size: 375810 MB, Block size: 512
            Online: Yes
            Removable media: No
            Prevent removal: No
            Readonly: No
            SWP: No
            Thin-provisioning: No
            Backing store type: rdwr
            Backing store path: /share/iscsi-disks/disk01.img
            Backing store flags: 
    Account information:
    ACL information:
        ALL
        iqn.2025-03.coffee.nicewarm:gentoo16.initiator      

Gentoo is going to be iSCSI initator.

1. Install and configure open-iscsi:

gentoo16 ~ # emerge sys-block/open-iscsi

gentoo16 ~ # cd /etc/iscsi
gentoo16 /etc/iscsi # tail -n 1 initiatorname.iscsi
InitiatorName=iqn.2025-03.coffee.nicewarm:gentoo16

gentoo16 /etc/iscsi # systemctl start iscsid

2. Discover iSCSI target and login:

gentoo16 /etc/iscsi # iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 192.168.85.15 -P 1
Target: iqn.2025-03.coffee.nicewarm:fedora.target01
        Portal: 192.168.85.15:3260,1
                Iface Name: default

gentoo16 /etc/iscsi # iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.2025-03.coffee.nicewarm:fedora.target01 -l
Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.2025-03.coffee.nicewarm:fedora.target01, portal: 192.168.85.15,3260] successful.
gentoo16 /etc/iscsi #

3. Verify new disk is attached:

gentoo16 /etc/iscsi # dmesg | tail -n 15
[ 7672.992912] thunderbolt 0000:00:0d.2: 0:6 <-> 1:14 (DP): failed to change bandwidth allocation
[ 7712.128451] Loading iSCSI transport class v2.0-870.
[ 7712.130614] iscsi: registered transport (tcp)
[ 7757.121749] scsi host1: iSCSI Initiator over TCP/IP
[ 7757.125558] scsi 1:0:0:0: RAID              IET      Controller       0001 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
[ 7757.129678] scsi 1:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 12
[ 7757.130419] scsi 1:0:0:1: Direct-Access     IET      VIRTUAL-DISK     0001 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
[ 7757.132855] sd 1:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0
[ 7757.133029] sd 1:0:0:1: Power-on or device reset occurred
[ 7757.133306] sd 1:0:0:1: [sdc] 734003200 512-byte logical blocks: (376 GB/350 GiB)
[ 7757.133310] sd 1:0:0:1: [sdc] 4096-byte physical blocks
[ 7757.133445] sd 1:0:0:1: [sdc] Write Protect is off
[ 7757.133447] sd 1:0:0:1: [sdc] Mode Sense: 69 00 10 08
[ 7757.133737] sd 1:0:0:1: [sdc] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, supports DPO and FUA
[ 7757.161678] sd 1:0:0:1: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk

gentoo16 /etc/iscsi # lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda           8:0    1     0B  0 disk
sdb           8:16   1 477.5G  0 disk
└─sdb1        8:17   1 477.5G  0 part
sdc           8:32   0   350G  0 disk
zram0       252:0    0     0B  0 disk
zram1       252:1    0     0B  0 disk
zram2       252:2    0    14G  0 disk /var/tmp
nvme0n1     259:0    0 476.9G  0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1    0     1G  0 part /efi
├─nvme0n1p2 259:2    0     4G  0 part [SWAP]
└─nvme0n1p3 259:3    0 471.9G  0 part /
gentoo16 /etc/iscsi # 

4. Setup newly attached disk:

gentoo16 /etc/iscsi # gdisk /dev/sdc
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.10

Partition table scan:
  MBR: not present
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: not present

Creating new GPT entries in memory.

Command (? for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1):
First sector (34-734003166, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (2048-734003166, default = 734001151) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Current type is 8300 (Linux filesystem)
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300):
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'

Command (? for help): i
Using 1
Partition GUID code: 0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3D69D8477DE4 (Linux filesystem)
Partition unique GUID: 984FE47C-5DC5-41FA-B5A0-45AE5EED7271
First sector: 2048 (at 1024.0 KiB)
Last sector: 734001151 (at 350.0 GiB)
Partition size: 733999104 sectors (350.0 GiB)
Attribute flags: 0000000000000000
Partition name: 'Linux filesystem'

Command (? for help): c
Using 1
Enter name: fedora-iscsi

Command (? for help): w

Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!

Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdc.
The operation has completed successfully.


gentoo16 /etc/iscsi # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1
mke2fs 1.47.2 (1-Jan-2025)
Creating filesystem with 91749888 4k blocks and 22937600 inodes
Filesystem UUID: e91c4bfc-17be-4fba-bea7-e19cc33fda1c
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

5. Update /etc/fstab and mount:

gentoo16 /etc/iscsi # cd
gentoo16 ~ # lsblk -o NAME,PARTUUID
NAME        PARTUUID
sda
sdb
└─sdb1      b143c70c-01
sdc
└─sdc1      984fe47c-5dc5-41fa-b5a0-45ae5eed7271
zram0
zram1
zram2
nvme0n1
├─nvme0n1p1 55e2bb94-d149-45f1-a1fa-40eb55a1d4a4
├─nvme0n1p2 582238e0-7b6c-4315-8ce7-f54dd895afe2
└─nvme0n1p3 115a26d3-e19a-47ba-929d-04f65ebddb4e

gentoo16 ~ # cat /etc/fstab | tail -n 1
PARTUUID="984fe47c-5dc5-41fa-b5a0-45ae5eed7271" /mnt/iscsi/     ext4    noauto,_netdev       0 1
gentoo16 ~ # systemctl daemon-reload
gentoo16 ~ # mount /mnt/iscsi/
gentoo16 ~ # mount | grep iscsi
/dev/sdc1 on /mnt/iscsi type ext4 (rw,relatime,_netdev)

6. Update Flatpak permissions:

edit: no longer needed as vertical tabs are added to Firefox!

1. Open about:config and set toolkit.legacyUserProfileCustomizations.stylesheets to true

2. Put this under the Firefox profile:

$ cat chrome/userChrome.css

/* hides the native tabs */
#TabsToolbar {
  visibility: collapse;
}

/* adjust navigation bar size */
#nav-bar {
    margin-top: 1px;
    margin-right: 74px;
    margin-bottom: 1px;
}

❯ cat docker-compose.yaml
services:
  ollama:
    image: ollama/ollama:latest
    container_name: ollama
    restart: always
    ports:
      - "11434:11434"
    environment:
      - "OLLAMA_HOST=0.0.0.0"
      - "OLLAMA_KEEP_ALIVE=120"
    volumes:
      - ollama-local:/root/.ollama
    deploy:
      resources:
        reservations:
          devices:
            - driver: nvidia
              count: 1
              capabilities: [gpu]

  openWebUI:
    image: ghcr.io/open-webui/open-webui:main
    container_name: open-webui
    restart: always
    depends_on:
      - ollama
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    environment:
      - "OLLAMA_BASE_URL=http://ollama:11434"
      - "WEBUI_AUTH=false"
    extra_hosts:
      - "host.docker.internal:host-gateway"
    volumes:
      - open-webui-local:/app/backend/data


volumes:
  ollama-local:
    external: true
  open-webui-local:
    external: true

❯ docker volume create open-webui-local
❯ docker volume create ollama-local
❯ docker compose up -d

Apparently, 16GB memory is not enough to compile Firefox using clang with LTO. Since my mini PC has plenty of memory, I decided to create a zram device and share it via NFS.

## Fedora - NFS server, 192.168.1.2
### create a zram device and format it with ext4 without journaling
$ cat /etc/mke2fs.conf 
... output omitted ...
[fs_types]
	ext4 = {
		features = has_journal,extent,huge_file,flex_bg,metadata_csum,metadata_csum_seed,64bit,dir_nlink,extra_isize,orphan_file
	}
	ext4withoutjournal = {
        	features = extent,huge_file,flex_bg,metadata_csum,metadata_csum_seed,64bit,dir_nlink,extra_isize,orphan_file
	}
... output omitted ...

### setting zram size as 16Gig
$ cat /etc/systemd/zram-generator.conf  
[zram0]
zram-size = min(ram, 16384)
compression-algorithm = zstd
mount-point = /mnt/zram

fs-type = ext4withoutjournal
options = rw,nosuid,nodev,discard,X-mount.mode=1777

$ sudo ln -s /usr/sbin/mke2fs /usr/sbin/mkfs.ext4withoutjournal

$ ls -alF /usr/sbin/mkfs.ext4withoutjournal 
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 Aug 31 21:33 /usr/sbin/mkfs.ext4withoutjournal -> mke2fs*

### reboot will disable the default zram swap and /dev/zram0 will now be mounted under /mnt/zram

### check zram is mounted
$ mount | grep zram
/dev/zram0 on /mnt/zram type ext4 (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,discard)

### no_root_squash is required for root to write on nfs
$ cat /etc/exports
/mnt/zram 192.168.1.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash)

## Gentoo - NFS client, 192.168.1.100
### emerge nfs-utils
$ sudo emerge net-fs/nfs-utils

### create a mount point and mount the zram
$ sudo mkdir /mnt/nfs/zram
$ sudo mount -t nfs 192.168.1.2:/mnt/zram /mnt/nfs/zram

### check zram is mounted
$ sudo mount | grep zram
/dev/zram2 on /var/tmp type ext4 (rw,relatime,discard)
192.168.1.2:/mnt/zram on /mnt/nfs/zram type nfs4 (rw,relatime,vers=4.2,rsize=1048576,wsize=1048576,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=192.168.1.100,local_lock=none,addr=192.168.1.2)

### create a 8Gig swapfile
$ sudo fallocate -l 8Gib /mnt/nfs/zram/swapfile
$ sudo chmod 600 /mnt/nfs/zram/swapfile

### check swapfile is created
$ ls -alFh /mnt/nfs/zram/swapfile 
-rw------- 1 root root 8.0G Aug 31 23:48 /mnt/nfs/zram/swapfile

$ sudo mkswap /mnt/nfs/zram/swapfile
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 8 GiB (8589930496 bytes)
no label, UUID=f910bbdf-1ff2-4c20-9bdb-f5f92bd37156
$ sudo swapon -p 100 /mnt/nfs/zram/swapfile

### verify swap
$ sudo swapon --show
NAME                   TYPE      SIZE   USED PRIO
/dev/nvme0n1p6         partition   4G 404.9M   -2
/mnt/nfs/zram/swapfile file        8G     0B  100

### you can also use /mnt/nfs/zram as portage tmpfs by setting PORTAGE_TMPDIR to utilize the remaining space
PORTAGE_TMPDIR="/mnt/nfs/zram"

References:
https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Zram
https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/configure-nfs-linux

My favorite bash tips found from stack overflow:

!^      first argument
!$      last argument
!*      all arguments
!:2     second argument

!:2-3   second to third arguments
!:2-$   second to last arguments
!:2*    second to last arguments
!:2-    second to next to last arguments

!:0     the command
!!      repeat the previous line

Examples:

$ echo a b c d e 
a b c d e
$ echo !^
echo a
a

$ echo a b c d e 
a b c d e
$ echo !:1
echo a
a